Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is an efficient method for creating nanostructured coatings of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) in optoelectronic devices due to its simplicity and low cost. The aim of this paper is to systematically review the theoretical foundations, effective parameters, and key challenges in GQDs deposition with a focus on improving the efficiency of solar cells. In this study, the effects of key factors such as zeta potential, colloidal stability, solvent type, voltage, time, and power supply type (DC, pulsed, and AC) on the morphology, thickness, and optical transparency of the resulting films have been investigated.

The results show that precise control of process conditions is essential to achieve uniform coatings. The use of pulsed methods and modified aqueous suspensions reduces challenges such as bubble formation and local instabilities and improves ultraviolet absorption and increases optical flux in the spectrum-shifting layers (LDS). Although EPD provides a promising path for the development of advanced optical coatings, industrial scalability and large-scale microstructure control remain open challenges in this field. Finally, combining EPD with roll-to-roll processes and using artificial intelligence for parameter optimization have been proposed as future solutions.