Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered significant attention recently due to their properties, including high porosity, large specific surface area, and tunable characteristics. This article examines various MOF synthesis methods, such as diffusion, electrochemical, microwave, sonochemical, mechanochemical, and solvothermal methods, analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of each. These methods influence synthesized MOFs' size, morphology, and purity, affecting their efficiency. The article also highlights the potential applications of MOFs, including drug delivery, humidity sensors, pollution adsorbents, and catalysts in chemical reactions, underscoring their roles in medicine, industry, and environmental protection. MOFs are especially applied to removing pollutants from aqueous environments and adsorption gases like carbon dioxide. Overall, this study demonstrates that selecting an appropriate synthesis method can enhance MOFs' structural and functional properties, broadening their applications in various industries and environmental conservation.