In this study, we examine the design, fabrication, and microwave absorption properties of MoSe2/MMT and MoSe2/MMT/MWCNT nanocomposites. This innovative approach within the field of nanotechnology holds the potential for the development of novel materials with extensive applications. The nanocomposites were synthesized utilizing a hydrothermal method. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) images reveal the presence of nanosheets and nanorods exhibiting distinct morphologies. Subsequently, we conducted a thorough investigation of the microwave absorption properties of the samples in the X and Ku bands. The results indicate that the MoSe2/MMT nanocomposite achieves a minimum reflection loss of -28 dB (corresponding to 90% attenuation) over a bandwidth of 2.33 GHz at a thickness of 1.3 mm. In contrast, the MoSe2/MMT/MWCNT nanocomposite, characterized by a ternary structure of 2D/2D/1D, provides multiple interfaces that generate a substantial number of dipoles, facilitating interface polarization that effectively dissipates electromagnetic wave energy. This configuration yields optimal performance at 14.90 GHz with a thickness of 1.4 mm, demonstrating an exceptional reflection loss of -67.02 dB across a bandwidth of 4.78 GHz. The significant reflection loss can be attributed to the synergistic effects of various factors, including layered structures, heterogeneous interfaces, multidimensional architectures, and the introduction of defects, as well as surface polarizations. Our approach aims to fabricate dielectric and conductive nanocomposites, which are positioned as promising lightweight microwave absorber materials with high efficiency due to their combined properties and tunable characteristics.