Nanomeghyas

Nanomeghyas

Bloch Surface Waves in a One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal as doping ‎agent Sensor: Furosemide

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 Shahid Beheshti University
2 shahid Beheshti University
10.22034/ns.2025.2067330.1401
Abstract
Application of Bloch Surface Waves (BSWs) for detection of Furosemide using nanostructure ‎Photonic crystals has been introduced in this paper. BSWs, as an electromagnetic phenomenon in ‎periodic dielectric structures, were employed to detect various concentrations of the drug furosemide in ‎distilled water. 24 layers' photonic crystal composed of alternating ZrO₂ and SiO₂ layers was fabricated ‎as a dielectric sensing medium, allowing the evanescent field generated at the terminal surface to ‎interact with furosemide molecules. To excite the BSWs, the Kretschmann-Raether configuration was ‎used, incorporating a 635 nm red laser source and a semi-cylindrical BK7 prism. A precise volume of ‎‎20 µL of furosemide solution at concentrations of 1, 1.5, 2, and 3.5 mM was deposited onto the ‎surface of the photonic crystal. The reflectance of TM-polarized light was recorded within the angular ‎range of 40° to 70°. Experimental results showed that the resonance angle shifted significantly with ‎increasing furosemide concentration, specifically, the resonance angle changed from 51.941° in pure ‎water to 52.245° at 1 mM, 52.549° at 2 mM, and 52.853° at 3.5 mM. The system demonstrated an ‎approximately linear sensitivity to concentration changes within this range. These results highlight the ‎potential of BSW-based photonic crystal sensors for the detection of doping-related drugs such as ‎furosemide in clinical and sports medicine applications.‎
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  • Receive Date 29 July 2025
  • Revise Date 15 September 2025
  • Accept Date 06 November 2025